๋ชฉ๋ก์ „์ฒด ๊ธ€ (129)

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๋™์  ๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ •๋ณต ์ •๋ฆฌ

๐Ÿ‘ฉ‍๐Ÿ’ป ๋™์  ๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ •๋ณต ์ •๋ฆฌ with Python ๐Ÿฅ˜ ๋™์  ๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ• (Dynamic Programming) ๋™์  ๊ณ„ํš๋ฒ•, Dynamic Programming์ด๋ž€? ์ž…๋ ฅ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ ํ›„, ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ, ํฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํ–ฅ์‹ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœํ•˜์œ„ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฐ๊ด๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ƒ์œ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Memoization ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Memoization (๋ฉ”๋ชจ์ด์ œ์ด์…˜) : ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์‹คํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ด์ „์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ์‹คํ–‰ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž˜๊ฒŒ ์ชผ๊ฐค ๋•Œ, ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ค‘๋ณต๋˜์–ด ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ..

Algorithm 2021. 7. 30. 09:48
Graph (๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„) ์ •๋ฆฌ

๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿผ‍๐Ÿ’ป Graph (๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„) ์ •๋ฆฌ With Python ๐Ÿฅ Graph ๋ž€? ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ Vertex(์ •์ )์™€ Edge(๊ฐ„์„ )๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Vertex : ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Node๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Edge : ์œ„์น˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Degree : ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ •์ ์— ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ์ •์ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Simple Path : ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ •์ ๊ณผ ๋ ์ •์ ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘๋ณต๋œ ์ •์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (A-B-C๋Š” Simple Path) Cycle : Simple Path์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ •์ ๊ณผ ์ข…๋ฃŒ ์ •์ ์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ‹ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ Undirected Graph ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Edge๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Vertex ์–‘ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Dire..

Data Structure 2021. 7. 29. 09:19
Heap (ํž™) ์ •๋ฆฌ

๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿผ‍๐Ÿ’ป Heap (ํž™) ์ •๋ฆฌ With Python ๐Ÿฅ Heap ์ด๋ž€? ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ตœ์†Ÿ๊ฐ’์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ์™„์ „ ์ด์ง„ํŠธ๋ฆฌ(Complete Binary Tree)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„์ „ ์ด์ง„ํŠธ๋ฆฌ? Node๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ตœํ•˜๋‹จ ์™ผ์ชฝ Node๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” Tree ๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ , ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ตœ์†Ÿ๊ฐ’์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด O(n) ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ํž™์— ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ , ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ตœ์†Ÿ๊ฐ’์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ฉด O(logn) ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’, ์ตœ์†Ÿ๊ฐ’์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํž™์€ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ์ž์‹ ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„์ „ ์ด์ง„ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ‹ Heap VS Binary Search Tree ๊ณตํ†ต์ ..

Data Structure 2021. 7. 28. 09:37
Tree (ํŠธ๋ฆฌ) ์ •๋ฆฌ

๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿผ‍๐Ÿ’ป Tree (ํŠธ๋ฆฌ) ์ •๋ฆฌ With Python ๐Ÿฅ Tree๋ž€? Node์™€ Branch๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ Cycle์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๐Ÿ‹ ๊ด€๋ จ ์šฉ์–ด Node : ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์š”์†Œ Root Node : ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ ๋…ธ๋“œ Level : ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ Level 0์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ํ•˜์œ„ Branch๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Parent Node : ์–ด๋–ค ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋…ธ๋“œ Child Node : ์–ด๋–ค ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ์ž์‹ ๋…ธ๋“œ Leaf Node : Child Node๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ๋“œ Sibling : ๋™์ผํ•œ Parent Node๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋…ธ๋“œ Depth : ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ Node๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ Level (์œ„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ์˜ Depth๋Š” 2) ๐ŸŠ ์ด์ง„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์ด..

Data Structure 2021. 7. 27. 09:44